Maritime security, just like the blue economy, is a relatively recent concept. It is different and distinct from traditional naval security and maritime power projection. Maritime security is an evolving comprehensive construct encompassing several interwoven facets of the maritime domain. In this book, the reader will find the historical background of the maritime domain and how various powers of the times benefitted from the seas, at times exclusively. Then, as others became aware, some rules and understandings began to emerge, eventually leading to the adoption of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). After that, the concept of maritime security started to evolve more clearly. The book discusses various challenges at sea, including the age-old curse of piracy and emerging criminal activities such as trafficking (human, drugs, arms, etc.); terrorism; illegal, unreported, unregulated fishing; and the marine environment. It then moves to responses to these challenges. As maritime strategy is gaining importance, many regions and countries have promulgated their maritime security strategies. This book explores the maritime security strategies of various important regions and countries. It also discusses Pakistan’s maritime aspects and the suggested contours of maritime economic and military security strategies. Hopefully, this book will significantly contribute towards creating awareness and understanding of maritime security.